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What is a teleconverter?
Answer provided by Penny Verran. Photos by Mike Collins.
This articles has been adapted from Penny's original PowerPoint
presentation.
What is a teleconverter?
- An optical device that fits between your camera body and the lens.
- Increases the effective focal length of a lens.
- Also called a tele-extender, converter or extender.
Magification Factors
- 1.4x is equivalent to a 40% lens extension. For example, a 200mm lens becomes the equivalent of a 280mm lens.
- 1.7x (Nikon) is equivalent to a 70% lens extension. For example, 200mm lens becomes the equivalent of a 340mm lens.
- 2x is equivalent to a 100% lens extension. For example, 200mm lens becomes the equivalent of a 400mm lens.
Various Teleconverters
- Dedicated Units
- Available from major camera manufacturers.
- Designed to match certain lenses.
- Best results.
- More expensive.
- Universal Models
- Work on any lens on which they can be mounted.

Figure 1: Nikon teleconverters (1.4x, 1.7x, and 2x).
Teleconverter Mounted to a Lens
Teleconverters are mounted between the camera body and the lens being used.

Figure 2: Nikon F6 with 105mm lens and a 1.4x teleconverter.
Pros and Cons of Using Teleconverters
- Pros
- Offers photographers the ability to shoot at increased focal lengths without buying a completely new lens.
- Cost saving method.
- Camera specific teleconverter prices can range from $285 to $439.
- Universal teleconverter prices can range from $149 to $210.
- New lenses with the same effective focal lengths can cost thousands of dollars.
- An excellent way to increase image size without having to get closer to the subject.
- Use when you want to make a long focal length lens into an even longer focal length.
- Ability to get more closely framed shots (example: a full body shot vs. a tightly framed upper body shot).
- Use when you want to increase magnification when you’re doing a close-up.
- Improved mobility for photographers.
- Convenient to use.
- Compact size.
- Light weight.
- Easier to carry.
- Cons
- Light loss
- Teleconverters not only multiply the focal length, but also multiply the f-stop by the power of the teleconverter.
- F-stop progression is increased by a power of 1.4 (each f-stop is 1.4 times the preceding one).
- When the focal length is multiplied by 1.4, the aperture decreases by one stop. For example, f/2.8 becomes f/4.
- When the focal length is multiplied by 2, the aperture decreases by two stops. For example, f/2.8 becomes f/5.6.
- May force you to use slower shutter speeds than you prefer. (To solve this problem, you can increase the ISO sensitivity (digital) or use faster film to decrease the effect.)
- May cCause you to lose the auto focus function.
- Most auto focus systems require a minimum light level of f/5.6.
- At any slower aperture, the auto focus system shuts off.
- May decrease focusing speed.
- All teleconverters magnify defects, optical aberrations and lack of sharpness.
- They also magnify any movement in the camera, also known as camera shake. (You may increase shutter speed & use a tripod to decrease the effect.)
- All of these factors contribute to a decrease in overall image quality.
Example Photographs
This series of photographs were taken from the same distance show the effects of using different teleconverters.

Figure 3: The Elusive Mammalian Picnic Table Fish photographed with a 105 mm lens and NO teleconverter.

Figure 4: The Elusive Mammalian Picnic Table Fish photographed with a 105 mm lens and a 1.4x teleconverter.

Figure 5: The Elusive Mammalian Picnic Table Fish photographed with a 105 mm lens and a 1.7x teleconverter.

Figure 4: The Elusive Mammalian Picnic Table Fish photographed with a 105 mm lens and a 2x teleconverter.
Tips for Using a Teleconverter
- Check compatibility with lenses before using teleconverters.
- Use the fastest/best prime lens you can.
- Avoid using zoom lenses, if possible.
- Use a 1.4x vs. a 2x teleconverter (better quality).
- Use the best photographic technique you can.
- Maintain a relatively fast shutter speed.
- Increase the camera ISO (digital) or use faster film.
- Take advantage of the lens' close-focusing ability for framing small subjects.
- Shoot with a tripod to eliminate camera shake.
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